With the emergence of new technologies in the construction industry of our beloved country, Iran, the use of the new method of building information modeling (BIM) in construction projects is expanding more and more. In the BIM method, all the construction processes are simulated virtually and during the project’s life cycle, with its proper management, it provides many benefits and facilities to the project’s stakeholders.
Today, achieving the principle of sustainability in the architectural design of buildings has attracted the attention of construction industry practitioners more than in the past. Minimizing negative environmental effects in building construction by increasing efficiency and moderation in the use of materials, energy, space and the overall system is one of the definitions of the meanings of architecture. Sustainability and achieving sustainable development. In our country, attention to sustainability has become more important in the last five years than in the past, and efforts have been made to include this importance in the updating of national regulations.
Iran Zemin Sustainable Buildings Management Institute in 2018 with the support of two years of activity in the field of architecture (technical office and implementation of architecture, facade and interior decoration) with the aim of combining the two basic and important topics of architecture and energy as the current concern of the world with the aim of providing services Expert advice to the owners, employers and workers of the construction industry in this field and with the perspective of auditing and rating the buildings that have the highest level of compliance with the standards and regulations of the national building regulations of Iran, as well as the existing extraordinary standards regarding sustainability and green buildings, was formed and started to Function.
Iran Earthquake Engineering Design and Development Institute (with the abbreviation IEEI) was registered in Mashhad District Registration Office in 2011 with registration number 3351 with the aim of developing engineering services in the fields of seismology, earthquake engineering and crisis management. With the possibility of providing design, laboratory and implementation services in the field related to earthquakes to the owners and employers, relying on experts with scientific-executive experience, consisting of its members (founders and board members) and other real-legal members, it can create a unique collection. be considered non-governmental in this area at the country level.
Developing the use of new technologies in the field of earthquake engineering, holding specialized meetings of earthquake experts, defining and holding national and international educational events, preparing and preparing research reports and research in the field of earthquakes, among other things seen in the statutes and scope of this institute.
Reusing water is no longer an option. It is a necessity
Gray water is the water that comes out of the sink, shower, bathtub and washing machine. In fact, all household wastes except toilet waste water are called gray water. Gray water may contain traces of dirt, food, grease, hair and some household cleaning products. While gray water may seem “dirty,” it is a safe and even useful source for watering outdoor plants. Keep in mind that if greywater is discharged into rivers, lakes or estuaries, its nutrients will be polluted, but they are a valuable fertilizer for plants. Aside from the obvious benefits of saving water (and money on your water bill), reusing gray water keeps it out of your sewer or septic system, thereby reducing the chance of local water pollution.
Today, gray water is used in many countries that are facing water shortages, and this has managed to moderate the water shortage problem to some extent. In many advanced and modern countries of the world, potable water is not used for general purposes such as watering plants or siphoning, but other sources such as gray water are used for this purpose. For this reason, appropriate measures have been taken to build a water purification system so that with the lowest possible cost, for buildings with several residential and office floors in small dimensions, this system can be measured and more than 80 The percentage of water consumption from homes and offices was also prevented.
The easiest way to use gray water is to pipe it directly outside and use it to water ornamental plants or fruit trees. Gray water can also be used to irrigate any edible plant as long as it does not come into contact with the edible parts of the plants. Recycled gray water from sinks can be used to flush toilets, and this is legal in most European countries, Australia and the United States that have accepted international plumbing laws. Such a system can provide a 30% reduction in water consumption for an average household.
Our philosophy
We believe that simple designs are best for residential greywater systems. We promote greywater reuse as a way to increase the productivity of sustainable ecosystems that produce food, clean water and shelter for wildlife. Such systems recover the valuable product of gray water and cause the stability of the inhabitants in the ecological cycles.
More complex designs are more suitable for residential, commercial and industrial buildings and complexes. These projects can purify and reuse a large amount of water and play a role in conserving water in dense urban housing developments, school facilities, universities and public buildings. In order to use the water used in homes, etc., first of all, a plumbing related to the wastes of the parts where water is consumed in the homes, such as the sink, bathroom, and washroom (except the black sewage of the toilet) should also be done. Then, using this system in two stages, in the first stage of the sedimentation operation and in the second stage, we will clean the desired water by using water purification filters.
It is easier to treat and recycle gray water than wastewater because the amount of pollutants is less. If collected using a separate plumbing system from black water, domestic gray water can be recycled directly in the home, garden or business and used immediately or processed and stored. In case of storage, it should be used in a very short period of time, otherwise it will start to rot due to the organic solids in the water. Recycled gray water of this type is never safe to drink, but a number of treatment steps can be used to provide water for washing or flushing toilets. The treatment processes that can be used are basically the same processes that are used for wastewater treatment
With the difference that they are usually on a smaller scale (decentralized level), they are often installed on the level of a house or building.
In order to recycle or reuse this water, it is necessary during the implementation of the internal facilities of each house, to separate the wastewater from the aforementioned parts from the others, and in fact, the single network is converted into two separate networks for collecting wastewater. Since complex systems rely on pumps and filtration systems, they are designed and installed by ISB Group’s technical team and may require regular maintenance.
Today, the use of new technologies in the construction industry is one of the main requirements in construction. During the last decade, the use of lightweight aerated concrete blocks (AAC-Heblex) instead of traditional materials and walls, due to having suitable parameters in compliance with the provisions of the 19th and 18th sections of the National Building Regulations, lightness (specific weight between 400 and 600 kg per cubic meter) As a result, the reduction of gravity and lateral forces (reduction of consumable materials) as well as long-term resistance to fire is considered one of the new and effective approaches in construction, so that currently there is less evidence of the use of previous traditional methods and the use of brick walls or There are other methods.
In the topic of strengthening buildings against earthquakes, attention has always been given to the safety of the entire structure and the non-collapse of the building after severe earthquakes. However, in the earthquake of 2016 in Sarpul Zahab (Kermanshah), it was observed that buildings built according to standard 2800, at the average level of the earthquake, suffer major non-structural damage, which makes it difficult to service the building during and after the earthquake. Porcelain in the form of a block, complying with all the requirements of the sixth appendix of the 2800 standard, including the implementation of reinforcements, beam and column angles, bed and fastening bars, etc., in addition to the need for great precision in design and implementation, the increase in the finished cost per square meter according to It will be accompanied, and unfortunately, at present, fewer buildings fully comply with these details. In this respect, its responsibility will definitely be with the civil and architectural supervisors and executives.
One of the methods recommended in Standard 2800 and Publication 326 of the Program and Budget Organization is to use panels instead of blocks to implement the internal and external walls of the building. In this method, while increasing the execution speed and more suitable seismic performance panel compared to the block) there is no need to implement the criteria of the above-mentioned instructions. Also, in very important buildings such as hospitals and medical centers, the use of panel system is emphasized.
